animalpedia

Saturday, 1 September 2012

snake encyclopedia

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INTRODUCTION

Snakes are the ultimate slithering animals that dwell like no other animal,they are found in extreme
locations. snakes are found everywhere under the water,underground,slithering on the land,even living in the canopies of evergreen forest,they are even found in the arctic circle.They are perfectly adaptable to extremely hot deserts.There are over 2700 species of snakes living all over the world except Antarctica,Greenland,Newzealand and Ireland.The size may range up to 8 inch like the thread snake & sizes up to 50 feet titanboa.Most of the people in the world consider snakes as a cause for the death of the person,but of the 2700 species snakes only 500-600 species of the snakes are poisonous,among these 230-250 species are dangerous to human beings.Most of the Scientists consider snakes as painted tubes.There are over 19 different families of snakes,among that only 3 snake families are poisonous,they are Colubridae,Viperdae,Elapidae(cobra family),among these Colubrids are most diverse.the study of snakes is called as ophiology or herpetology(including reptiles & amphibians).ophis=snake,logy=knowledge derived from geek,herp-slithering ology-knowledge.

colubridae:vine snake opening its mouth in defense

Viperidae:yellow eyelash palm pit viper locking its eyes on prey in amazon.

Elapidae:female cobra with her juvenile cobra

Other families include pythonidae,boidae,uropeltidae(shield tailed snake),Xenopeltidae(sunbeam snakes),

Evolution of snakes:
Its never been technically proved the evolution of snakes but most of the scientists do believe that snakes are evolved lizards,there are few evidences which tell us that a snake is evolved from the lizard,like the spur of a Boa constrictor which is present in the pre anal region .But unfortunately these aren't used for locomotion,they are only used during copulation helpful in fertilising eggs & found in males.Few scientists even believe that these are modified scales,paleontologists like xu-xing of china found many fossils which might be the possible link between snake and lizard.

There are few primitive snakes which even live now,which shows the character of lizards like blind snakes,borrowing snakes,thread snakes.There is a major group of family called as legless lizards these are lizards without legs,they are found in Asia, Europe,Northern Africa this is a major link between a snake & a lizard.Families like viperidae,elapidae are highly evolved snakes,Speaking about their body they have 200-300 ribs on average.The snakes venom is nothing but an extra strong digestive juice,Scientists call venom as its saliva it took millions of years for the formation of venom.

sense organs:

People wonder why the snakes stick its tongue out often,the main reason is for the smell.The sensitive forked tongue collects the scent molecules from the air and the retreats back into the mouth and the scent molecules enter into small slight of jacobsons's organ which identifies the scent and send signal to the brain through a small nerve about concern specie.Their eye sight is good but not as good as cats

(the animated picture of a copper head snake of north America)

They have noses in additional to that some vipers & pythons have a pair of heat sensing pits along with a pair of nose.Through these pits a snake can see the world in infrared image,snakes with this pits can even hunt down the prey even at nights cause most of the vipers are nocturnal,a snake can perfectly strike a prey even eyes closed.The yellow region of the mouse shows that it's blood is worm & the speed of blood circulation in very high,so if a snake wants to strike a mouse always it strikes a the centre,higher the speed of blood circulation the quicker the prey dies.In additional to that a snake sticking it's head on the ground can even sense small vibration of the coming prey or predator,through a bone called pterygoid which is present on the lower jaw,these replace their ears.The eyes of vipers are vertical that means they are nocturnal and most of the elapids(cobra family) have a completely round eyes this shows that they are diurnal snakes.

HOW DO THEY LIVE

Snakes have found amazing way to adapt like no other animal.Basically snake are poikilothermic that means they are cold blooded creatures they need to change their body temperature by socking heat from sun,most of the time snake are found on rocks & on roads due to this reason.As the snake gets warm up it will become more active & agile than what it is before.The more the snakes gets warmed the better & the accurate the strike will be it is not uncommon in reptiles.some snakes go extreme like desert horned adder which can survive the hot desert & thrives,the European adder can survive in the arctic circle & perfectly adapted to such environment.snakes can blend into the nature,their body structure also changes according to their habit & habitat for example a tree snake is always slender it's body perfectly adapted,rain forest snakes are stout & heavily builded they wait for the prey to come by themselves while being in the camouflage,all colubrids have slender body,while all the boidaes have very stout body & kill their prey by constriction.The following are the snake which are camouflage in their natural habitat .

Snakes are ultimate animals in camouflage if you can see the above picture its a desert adder which is almost invisible,the picture above that is the eastern brown snake which is the total definition of the camouflage.This is the hunting mode of the snake.Some water snakes have also adapted to live in water which are classified under the group hydrophidaes,a sea snake can live under water for more than 1-2 hours for hunting down the prey,few snakes like mangrove snakes have adapted to live in mangroves there are few snakes which can glide .

1.MECHANISM OF FLYING SNAKES.(how to they live)

part one in how do they live

(ornate flying snake during the motion making it's ventral surface flat)

These snakes come under family chrysopelea .The flying snakes are really amazing to see,they have unique designs on their skin.The flying snakes fly to prevent predators like eagles,hawks & other bird of preys.First it will select a long tree & climb till the canopy.from there it will reach a branch which could sustain it's body weight.it takes an 'S' shape leap of the branch like the picture beside.after the leap the snake compresses it's body & forms large flat surface on the ventral region,just like sky dives do,this is effective & snakes can travel long distances like 500-800 meters.The snake assumes 'S' shape so that it can take a sudden left or right turn.this is simple but it is sophisticated mechanism during the landing the snake losses it's 'S' shape & will not get hurt.This took millions of years for evolution.they often live on forests as they are found in the rain forests of south east Asia places like India,south china,not only snakes but also few lizards have also evolved to glide through the air.these snakes feed up on the bats,lizards.small birds & even frogs.they are 5 species

2.SPITTING OF VENOM

(Mozambique spitting cobra)

The evolution of snakes have lead some snakes to spit venom these are consider to be highly evolved.It is too sophisticated mechanism these snakes are called as spitting cobras,it is a bizarre fact that only few cobras fangs are build for spitting venom up to 8-10 feet accurately.there are totally 9-10 species of spitting cobra in the world they are found in Indonesia & Africa it includes species like south Indonesian spitting cobra,black necked spitting cobra,Mozambique spitting cobra,Rinkhals spitting cobra & etc.the reason why a cobra can spit is hidden in it's fangs generally all snakes have small hole at the bottom of the fang canal,but the spitting cobra has the hole at the center of the fang through which the venom comes out we need to study this comparatively.now the fang on the left is an ordinary snakes on the right side is the fang of spitting cobra,as you can see the difference the left fang has large opening & the right fang has small opening giving the snake some time

Mechanism is really amazing the snake first inhales air making it's chest as large as possible,there is small hole like pistol near the mouth called as glottis it is a special tube structure which allows the snake to breath while feeding on to the big preys like a calf,through that glottis it exhales the air just like a high pressure tube allowing the gas to come out & then it compresses it's mussel allowing the venom to flow though the fang & then it come out of the hole the exhaled air allows the venom to travel long distances,this procedure is completed in fraction of seconds.The snake on the left is a zebra spitting cobra showing it's glottis(the black hole).Most of the spitting cobras live in the rocky region & Savannah region.if the snakes venom gets in to your eyes you need to cleans it immediately with water or else you will go blind.This can be prevented by using a simple transparent face mask,most of the herpetologists use it while doing research.These cobras may grow up to 7-10 feet in length.they move their head along with the prey eyes.

HOW DO SNAKES FEED

(a cave python hanging upside down to catch the prey)

The feeding mechanism is really intrusting as they are capable of eating prey larger than it's head.All snakes are carnivorus that means they only eat flesh.Most of the people wonder,how can a snake eat such large prey?it's simple it has elastic ligaments around it's mouth while humans on the other hand have elastic ligaments too but in limit.It seems that snakes have crossed their limit,this allows it to eat larger prey.it's not just because of the ligaments but the snake's upper jaw & lower jaw are connected by a small bone called as quadrate which allows the snake to attach & detach it's jaws.this is how it works before feeding on to the prey it gapes it's mouth to detach it's jaws & after feeding it gapes again to ensue that the it's jaws are reattached.A snake can survive in the extreme places where food is scars one such place is desert.The desert snakes have found amazing way to capture their prey most of the desert snakes skin pattern will blend with the sand,a desert snakes venom so effective that it will kill it's prey almost instantly.Most of the snakes diet on lizards,frogs,birds,molluscs,bats,sometime snakes.The snakes diet also depends on the place it it living for example a snake which lives in the water lagoons like a Checkered keel back snake will feed on small lizards,frogs but it does not feed on the mollusc's or bats,a cave snake like children's python or the small vipers will feed on the bats or small animals but it does not feed on other snakes it goes on like that.A snake's digestive juice is 5 times better than human being allowing the snake to digest even hard things like horns & bones the snake will consume the prey head first then the entire body.snakes like boas constrict it's prey & suffocates the prey while on the other hand venomous snake will kill it's prey by injecting venom into the blood stream.some snakes like reticulated python are capable of eating even human being.if a snake eats a bird or a mouse it will have to rest for 1-2 days depending upon the size but it a large snake like anaconda eats a capibara or a caiman it will have to rest for 4-5 weeks or even more.A snake like reticulated python if eats a cow or medium sized animal it will have to rest for an year or so.a python & anaconda has 100 teeth arranged in 4 rows 2 upper & 2 lower.some stout snakes like gaboon viper lurks in the nature it will camouflaged while hunting the prey.

(a mole snake regurgitating a frog)

After feeding every snake rests,it has the unique ability to regurgitate the food.It will often do it while threatened as the snake has to move quicker.it does it by contracting & relaxing the neck mussels.by this way it can escape from the predators faster

(an African black mamba opening it's mouth)

some snakes like the African black mamba relies on it's agility.it is the fastest snake in the world a mamba can even strike you on your face it can lift it's 2/3s of the body in air & capable of going at a full speed of 21kmph.it' called black mamba cause it's inner lining of the mouth is black not because it is black

DEFENCE MECHANISM OF SNAKE

The snakes can defend themselves when threatened,they bite you it's not the mistake of snake but it is our mistake we venture each & every place even hideouts the result a snake biting you for no good reason.The main weapon of defence is the VENOM snakes have evolved it since the time of the dinosaurs it took millions of years to develop venom it's not like single use they have special glands called as venom glands,it is a sac like structure where venom in produced & stored.the venom of the rattle snake is 100 times stronger than cyanide.venom is complex & concentrated mixture of proteins so a snake can't wast it for cheap.sometimes snakes give a dry bite i.e a snake bites but it does not deliver venom then the person seems to be lucky especially if its the venomous snake in the world.King cobra has the largest venom sacs producing 2 table spoons of venom.

Besides venom some snakes have special structure which they show on threatened.This the simple way to avoid predation & the snakes do not get hurt,snakes like cobras open their hoods by expanding their neck muscle showing off a bright & clear message that it is near by & dare don't touch me.

(cobra snake opening it's hood tell us the presence)

(an western diamond back rattle snake taking the shape before strike)

Rattle snakes during the course of time evolved rattle which is considered to be modified scales.Every time the snake sheds the skin it is added up with a new rattle at the posterior region.it will shake it's tail & produces the famous rattling sound this also serves as the same purpose preventing predation.Most the desert viper do have rough scales called as keel scales.snakes like saw scaled viper produce a unique sound by rubbing it's keel scales it sounds like a rattle snake's rattle.snakes like king cobra & Russell's viper hiss when threatened sounds just like steam of cooker.in united states itself snakes kill about 1000-2000 people a year,people who go to deserts often get bite by sidewinder adders or desert coral snakes,as they are too far from a city or a town for medication they will inevitably die.

VENOM(INTRO)

snake slowly started to evolve yellow juicy venom.scientists called it as snake saliva.snakes venom can be of different forms like a cobra has neurotoxin venom which will affect the internal organs like nervous system disabling the flow of blood eventually the whole body will shut down,vipers have hemotoxin venom that which is capable of destroying tissues .the result is worst the part should be amputated based up on the conditions,another kind of venom is cytotoxin venom which is capable of destroying skin around the bitten region .all 3 kinds are venom has adverse effect on human beings.venom causes a rat to pee so that the snake would slither through the sent trail to catch the dead prey.

venom is measured in the units called LD50 which means lethal dose 50,other units LC meaning lethal concentration & LCT(lethal concentration & time).the toxicity of snake's venom is judged by these.snake venom is complex mixture of peptide proteins which is produced slowly.if a snake is milked completely it will regenerate it's venom with in 2-3 weeks or below depending on the food it eats,about millions of years a go when snakes started to thrive on land they are often eaten by the dinosaurs they do not have any weapon of defence this forced the snake to evolve venom.glands & produce venom.but few snake like boas which could not make up with venom but they brought their brute power into the action cause boas,pythons,anacondas did not evolve venom

(bit from a cobra is complete annihilation,the boilings are the symptom of the bite as you can see some part above the ankle is rotten)

(a poor 15 year old boy was bitten by dangerous snake in south America the fer DE lance pit viper now the child left leg should be completely amputated it just the matter of hours that cost ed him a limb)

ANTI VENOM

If a person is bitten by a snake he is rushed to hospital to serve him some anti venom.the anti venom is nothing but antigens which will break down the venom molecules.Anti venom can be produced when the venom of concern specie is injected into a horse or cattle,after this statement many people would be wondering why will the horse not die,it is simple they are resisted to the venom.when it is injected horse will produce antigens or antibodies,these antigens are taken out by the injection itself & sent to centres where it is converted into anti venom.

(mongoose attacking a cobra)

(a honey badger attacking cobra with out fear)

some animals like a mongoose are capable of killing even a cobra it is because it is resistant to snake's venom not all but cobra besides the reflexes of mongoose are twice as faster as cobras,some animals like honey badger are capable of killing & eating a cobra this has also got the snake reason,that animal is resistant to cobra venom.just like snake evolved venom these animals have as got resisted for venom

if a person is bitten by a snake but after reaching the hospital if the person does not find the anti venom of concern specie then the victim is given a local dose which will buy some time until the anti venom arrives.few places in Africa don't even have anti venom of black mamba,which is the deadliest snake of Africa.

FUN TIP:

a tapir eats lots of leaves in one day including poisonous once,but at the night it eats clay as clay dissociate poison molecules.

some monkey eat even poisonous fruits & even leaves in the day time to dissociate the poison molecules they eat char coal.

TIPS AFTER YOU ARE BITTEN BY A SNAKE

the following are the instruction to be followed when your are away from help or hospital

call 911
firstly do not panic as you get panic your heart beat raises as it beat fast the blood circulation speeds up allowing to reach the venom to the heart & so the death
after bitten you need to use very tight band & should be placed behind the wound so that the blood circulation will be very slow,if the victim needs support place a stick wrap with the band along with it.
meanwhile if you have friends or colleague tell them to suck out the blood containing the venom molecules note:Since it's venom it can't kill you if u drink it,it will be only effective when it is injected into the blood steam,so if a person accidentally drinks venom while aid he is safe.
this should be done until the an ambulance arrives to take victim to hospital.after going to the hospital you should be able to tell about the bite of concern specie or else they will give you a local dosage.
the simple way to tell weather you are bitten by a poisonous snake or non poisonous snake,when a poisonous snake bites a person it will leave 2 dots while a non poisonous snake leaves 4 dots
to be at the safe side go to the hospital some snakes do give a dry bite even though they are poisonous that means a snake will bite,but does not inject venom.
symptoms of the bit varies from snake to snake in most cases but common symptoms are Nashua,metallic taste in the mouth,kind of giddiness,breath lessens,vomiting are some in common.
the basic identification of snake weather a snake is poisonous see on it's head if it is triangular it is definitely a poisonous viper,if you take a keen look on the snake's face if you find 2 pits other than nostrils then they are definitely a poisonous snake,the depression between eye & nostrils is a look of poisonous snake.
most of the cases if a slender snake bites you you are free from danger as they are colubrids but few of them can give a fatal bite like boomslang of a Africa.

ANATOMY OF SNAKE

since it's a slender body the anatomy of snake is sophisticated.all the internal organ are compressed like a tube.when a snake eats a prey it will enter into the stomach through treachia, pharynx,oesophagus.this is an intricate picture of a snake showing off different parts of the body to protect this organs there are 150-200 ribs may go up to 600-700 in case of pythons.the heart of the snake is relatively small when compared to the body.when prey reaches stomach it is totally digested by digestive enzyme & nutrients are absorbed in small intestine,nothing is remained.At the posterior region there is sperm duct which will release the sperm for reproduction.the organs of snake are similar to that of human beings ,as you can see the picture the stomach of the snake is bigger,as it should digest bigger prey as there are no limbs the heart will preserve the energy for pumping blood,but a lot of blood should be pupped to the vital organs.

REPRODUCTION OF SNAKES

most of the people around the world think that snakes only reproduce by laying eggs thinking that they are only oviviparous but the entire family of viper produce by giving birth to young once.vivo=i live,perae=i give birth,this is take from latin word.even boas & anacondas give birth to living once.the breeding season differ from snake to snake of course snakes sharing same environment will have same seasons for breeding a snake can produce 10-20 eggs at a time or even more in some cases.they guard their eggs till they hatch & most of the snakes leave their newly born child to grow by themselves however some snakes will guard their eggs up to 2or 3 weeks like a bamboo pit viper.A female filled with eggs has an enlarged belly so we can easily identify weather it is pregnant or not.

While king cobra is the only snake which will built a nest & guard it's eggs.breeding in snakes is spectacular to watch the male & the female will coil their body like spring to each other,there will be high chances of breeding this looks like a spectacular dance.there will be wars between a male & an another male for breeding as there are 2 mails who want to copulate with 1 female usually the war leaves off wounds but in some cases even death.

In this process the male will slowly rub his spur to females sac which will stimulate eggs in the stomach leaving of beautiful eggs after this they find a secure place to lay eggs where there is no danger but when a man passes by that region will be strike to the death by male,male in most group of animals are highly territorial & aggressive,they do any thing to bring down to their knees.

(a very big female anaconda is surrounded by many male anacondas)

While in some snakes like boas,pythons & anacondas females are bigger than males in that situation a female is capable of mating with several male snakes at a time.this is absolutely scenic view.all the males copulates while female being at the centre this looks like a a giant ball & so it is called as breeding ball.the females are twice as large as males.most of the anacondas copulate while being in the swamp itself.
Just like the above the picture with several anacondas around a female snake.this process may take may horse & the female is payed of with beautiful little children & gives birth directly to young once laying about 20-30 babies from that moment they are left alone & so only 4-5 babies may make out to adulthood

In sea snakes copulation occurs in the water itself but the female lays eggs in an air pocket which means the eggs are safe from the water.above that all ovivipary snake produce leathery shells which means it is water resistant,as sea snake lay eggs in air pocket they are safe & warm soon the baby sea snakes hatch from the egg,but the main threat has just begun as a female lays 20-30 eggs only 4-5 may proceed to adult hood & the reason is small animals like seals may eat the eggs before they hatch or they may become prey after reaching adolescents age.

(a group of garter snakes seem to produce like worms)

The life span of snake is less like 10-12 years max but few snakes like anaconda may live up to 60-70 years,but short life snap snakes get faster sexual maturity.the gestation period may very from snake to snake .how ever there is a record breaking snake which produce about 100-120 babies at a time & it's called the garter snake.the picture on the left is a group of garter snakes.all these snakes are produced from a single mother & a single father.

CLASSIFICATION OF SNAKES BASED ON FANG STRUCTURE
Scientists classified snakes based up on there fangs as it is an easy way to differentiate snakes.there are four types of fangs among snakes.now even you can different a snake by knowing this.

1.AGLYPHOUS

This type of fangs are seen in large snakes like boas,pythons,anacondas.There are 4 rows of fangs with 2 rows on the bottom & 2 rows o the top.there are about 70-100 backwards pointed fangs giving a vice grip if a hand goes between the jaws it will never come back unless the snakes jaws are opened 180 degree.this kind of jaws feed on prey like birds, deer, calf etc it will include the diet of boidaes.aglyphous kind of jaws need heavy mussels to control the jaws & flesh tearing bite.

2.OPISTHOGLYPHOUS

This is seen in the family colubridae this is also called as rare fanged snakes,they have their fangs located backwards so it is difficult for a colubrid to strike human beings,but there is a colubrid which can kill us it is called as boom slang snake of Africa.with these jaws a snake can feed on lizards, mouse,frogs etc.as you can see in this picture all the fangs are located backwards the snake will be using only one pair of fangs & the rest are upcoming once,there should be quick replacement in fangs as fangs are half of snakes property.

3.PROTEROGLYPHOUS

This like of jaw structure is seen in elapidae=cobra family.this also consist of 2 rows of jaws on the lower side but they are only useful while feeding not for striking.the upper pair of jaws are fixed they are not movable,hence there will be no difficult in striking as the fangs are in position.the posterior part of the fang takes a U curve,as you can see the fang is bent like a nail.the venom of these fangs is neurotoxin killing the prey by shutting down the heart.

4.SOLENOGLYPHOUS

These are the fangs of the viper.which act as switch blade they have movable fangs.these fangs are protected in the mouth by a layer of mussel sheath which will keep the snake's fangs protected,during the strike fangs come out this sheath & penetrate into the flesh,this is advanced type of fangs only seen in the family viperidae.they open their mouth almost 170-180 degree to ensure that the bite is full effective with sufficient venom delivered.the venom used by this fangs are hemotoxin venom,which destroys the blood tissues & with excruciating pain.

CLASSIFICATION OF SNAKES BASED ON LOCOMOTION
There are three types of locomotion in snakes which also is an easy way to determine difference between the snakes.they are concentric locomotion,sidewinding locomotion,rectilinear locomotion,okay lets have a brief look about them

1.SERPENTINE LOCOMOTION

The serpentine locomotion is the most common type of locomotion,where a snakes slithers taking an 'S' shape.
as you cam see in the picture the body of the snake bends at the middle & the rest of the part will follow the same.this is seen in all kind of snakes irrespective of the family of snakes.this kind of locomotion is not seen in stout & larges snakes like bidaes.this is not seen in the desert snakes like sidewinders .

2.CONCENTRIC LOCOMOTION

this is a worm like movement where a snake pulls it's body,it uses it's front part of the body like an anchor & pulls the rest of the body in the same straight line.This is seen in the small snakes & colubrids .

SIDE WINDING LOCOMOTION

(a side winder moving with full speed to escape the scorching heat of sun)

This is really intresting,this is an adaption of the snake in desert.this kind of locomotion is a very unique way to escape the scorching heat of desert floor.through this locomotion snake only touches the ground at 2 points,though it seems as the whole ventral surface of snake touches the ground.the side winding snakes are fastest moving animals of deserts.they leave of great geometric designs as they pass through the area.now even you can tell weather a side winder live in deserts by looking at their trails.

If a side winder is place on the marbled floor it will move in the serpentine locomotion.it is just a desert adaption.there are 3 species of side winders a)sonoran side winder b)colorado side winder c)mojave side wander.

RECTILINEAR LOCOMOTION

(an Indian rock python struggling to move on land)

This kind of locomotion is seen in heavy builded snakes like boas & pythons.This is the process by the which the snake travel forward by contracting & relaxing the muscles as boas,pythons & anacondas are builded with muscles.Rectilinear locomotion in relatively a very slow locomotion when compared to others that is the reason why most of the boas & anacondas spend there time in water as they are twice as faster than on the land.usually they come to the ground for resting & digesting the food.So when a snake this threatened it will regret it's food allowing it to escape with more velocity.

            Introuction to snakes is just a topic on how the snakes are.My main goal is to let you understand every thing about snakes.You should never be less in knowledge about snakes,I have used very simple english this is because each and every one of you who reads this matter should unerstand even the dust in a nail.I am 16 years old, just like you guys i am very interested in herpetology and one day i will become a great herpetologist.I am from Hyderabad,AndhraPradesh,India.In this blog i have used all the available images from google images.
Most of the matter in my blog have been gathered from my 5 years of extensive study on herpetology this is very less matter that i have put in front of you.I even know many things about reptiles which i am going to present in another blog.

You can contact me at:

FACEBOOK                                       my gmail adress:gautam.herp@gmail.com
:gautam.herp@gmail.com                                                  or
                                                             my another gmail adress:viperanthem@gmail.com

THANK YOU ALL

DA LUCK

Monday, 9 July 2012

the new amazing facts

please comment

FACTS OF MAMMALS

THE MOST ADVANCED & INTELLIGENT SPECIES.

Giraffes have the longest tongue allowing it to consume even thorny leaves.

It is said that animal with social behaviour like lions have more intelligence.
Whales produce loudest sounds in animal kingdom, if a human being hears that at a close range he may lose his ear drums.

koalas are the only mammals which do not drink water cause they get moisture from the leaves & that is enough.

Koala is the only mammal which spends it’s entire time eating eucalyptus leaves
Mammals do not have pubic bone & clavicals are not fused with interclavicales.
Kangaroos are the fastest growing mammals.

Asian female elephants have no tusks.

A herd of elephants eats 10-15 tons of grass a day, human beings would take 60-70 years to eat that much of food.
Animals produce 1,00,000 tons of dung every year & 75,000 tons of dung is used by dung beetle for laying eggs.
Chimps can remember things better than horses.
Cheetahs got that largest heart despite of their size.

White tiger genes is obtained from the genes of royal Bengal tiger.

Black panther aren't new species of cats, just a variation.
Did you ever wonder, why humans have appendix, it is the remnant of cellulose digestive system of our ancestors.
There are over 1.7-1.8 million species of animals of that 5000 species are mammals.
Mammals are highly evolved social animals.
The largest mammal in the world is blue whale growing 100 feet.

The smallest mammal in the world is bumblebee bat no less than an inch.

For every 1 person in this world there are 1 million ants sounds very huge.
A male lion can consume 40-50 pounds of meat in one sitting.

Male lion rest 21 hours a day while female go for hunting.
Lion is the king of the forest & it is forbidden, but a bear can kill it.
The skin of polar bear is black, but the fur is white.

A Tapir eats 200-400 pounds of leaves & fruits a day including poisonous leaves, at the night it eats clay or mud to dissociate poison molecules, making it the anti-poison.

Monkeys eat charcoal to dissociate poison molecules.
The scientific name of fox is voulpus.
Bat is the only mammal to take flight.
The legs of bats are so thin & fragile that, it will easily break it's bone while walking so a bat hangs up-side-down.
Sifaka is the only primate which walks sideways.

Vampire bats are the only mammals with anti septic saliva which will give numbness to the skin.

A baby kangaroo is just an inch long within 4-5 years it will grow up to 4 feet.
If a kangaroo’s tail is lifted off the ground it can't jump.
Just 80-85 cows are enough to give 1 gallon of milk.
Peacock do not lay eggs.
Giraffes do not have vocal cords
A male lion's roar can be heard up to 8 km.
No 2 patterns of tiger , cheetah , leopard , zebra are same.
The largest tiger weighed around 1200 pounds.
The average weight of an elephant is less than weight of blue whales’ tongue.
The eyes of slender loris is larger than it's brain.
Goats were best pets for early men.
Goat has no gall bladder.
Some mammals like rabbit eat their ficus which is more nutritive than the grass only during nights.
Rabbits & lions are polygamous which mean 1 male will mate with may females.
The largest cat weighs 23 kgs but it is on a diet.
A dogs smell is 1000 times better than man.
Proboscis monkeys are the only monkeys with projection of skin on their nose.

An angry hippo has red sweat.
Hyenas have the largest bite force of any mammals (about 1000 pounds/sq. inch).
Few scientists believe that kangaroo evolved from rats.
The prehistoric whale was a land roaming dog like creature.
The largest dog is Great Dane growing up to 7 feet while the smallest dog is chiwawa growing few inches.

Chow is the only dog without a pink tongue.
Kangaroo is the only animal which can lift it’s body off the ground by tail.
Duck builded platypus & echidna are the only egg laying mammals.
An ant eater is 6feet in length but it's mouth is less than an inch.
Man’s closest relative is chimpanzee. They meet 95% our body, some cases doctors even used chimps blood for transfusion.
The only mammalian predator of Madagascar is fossa.
Elephants can run as fast as 45-50 km/h.
Clouded leopard has the largest canines of any big cat.
The leader for the group of elephants is an alpha female not the male.
New Zealand is the only island where the sheep population exceed the population of man.
The heart of the blue whale is as big as a car.
Dolphins sleep with their eyes open & half brain working.
The largest dolphin is killer whale or orca
The longest standing mammal on the land in giraffe.
An elephant seal has 6 inch fact which is more or less equal to the elephant.
3 towed sloth is the slowest mammal in the world.
The flying machanism of flying squril is same as that of a bat.
A dog can smell 1000 times better than a humen being.
A rhinosaurs horn is made of hair a kind of protein.
Dolphins are the only animals with half brain working while sleeping.
Dolphins are the only mammals with their eyes open while sleeping.
Koala are the only animals which feed on the euclyptus trees.
A camal never store the water in their hump in the form water.
Camals are the only mammals with biconcave.
A male lion after 1 year is left alone by it's family,as it should become the alpha male of other pride.
Cheetahs have the largest heart when compared to any big cat.
A skunk is one animal you should never mess with cause it's scent is very very horrible.
The age of mammals was the triassic period.
The largest bats in the world is flying fox.
There is no carnivorous mammal in Australia except dingo.
Cows can sleep while standing but they can only dream while sitting.
silver back gorillas are the only primates living at very high altitudes,even mountains.
An anteater eats 10-20 ants per second
Duck builded platypus are poisonous creatures with venom glands present near their legs
Every feline stocks before hunting it’s prey.
Over 1 million years wolves separated from fox.
Aye-Aye is a blizzard insectivorous mammal of Madagascar.
Only humans & gorillas are affected by Ebola virus.
Duck builded platypus are poisonous creatures with venom glands present near their legs.
Duck builded platypus do not have nipples though it is a mammal..

FACTS OF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS

REPTILES ARE THE GOD FATHERS OF LAND KINGDOM.
There are over 8354 species of reptiles.
Study of reptiles & amphibians is called as Herpetology.
Snakes account 2700 species, lizards are 5200 species
Reticulated pythons are the longest snakes in the world growing up to 35 feet or more
The saliva of komodo dragon consist of 60 species of bacteria
A bit from Komodo dragon kills you in just 4-6 hours faster than the normal venom.
The only venomous lizards are the Mexico beaded lizard & gila monster.
A crocodile has the largest bite force in animal kingdom.
Crocs can't move their tongue as the tongue is attached to the upper part of mouth.
The bite force of alligator snapping turtle is 2 times greater than lion in spite of have a beak
Spine tailed lizards are the fastest reptiles in the world.
A group & lizards are called longue.
A group of crocodiles are called swamp..
Tortoises can live up to 2 years not turtles.
The reason for the huge life span of tortoises is because they are one of the slowest animals in the world with slow metabolism.
The glasses of the big buildings are washed by using a wall gecko’s principle.
Dwarf geckos are the smallest reptiles in the world growing up to 2-3cm
The most poisonous frog is dart frogs, which has venom twice as strong as rattle snakes venom.
Jesus Christ lizard can literally walk on water forming air pockets.
Flying snakes are known to cover distances like 600-700 meters.
The fastest snake in the world is black mamba, going up to 20 km/h
Birds are dinosaurs.
Both birds & modern day reptiles are classified under same family called diapsid.
Anacondas are the largest snakes in the world, weighing 200 kgs.
Sea snakes are more poisonous than land snakes.
All snakes are carnivorous.
Amphibians are first to live on land.
Any reptile if doesn't bask will die.
Crocs have bony plates on the body.
Largest reptile in the world is salt water croc.
Gavials have primitive character like no other crocodile.
Crocodile produce low frequency sounds which vibrate & raise water by half a feet.
Few reptiles are herbivores like green iguana.
Amazingly Nile crocodile are even found in Madagascar.
Crocodiles have amazing power of hearing among reptiles.
Crocodile jaws are capable of crushing bone but it can even crack an egg of its own.
Wood frogs are capable of surviving temperature where seeds are preserved it's about -40 to -50 degrees.
The largest snake ever to live was titan boa it was about 50 feet in length.
Crocodiles were land dwelling lizards like reptiles during period of dinosaurs rule.
Chameleon has 3 different layers in their body to exhibit many different colours.
Galapagos island tortoises are the world’s largest tortoises growing up to 6 feet & weigh 300-400 kgs.
It is proved that turtles lay their eggs at the same spot throughout their lives.
European adder is capable of living in places like -10 to -12 degrees.
The largest chameleon in the world is person's chameleon of Madagascar.
The only reptile of New Zealand is tuataras.
King cobras are the only snake to built & guard its nest.
All sea snakes are cobra family.
Inland taipan is the most venomous snake in the world, just few mls of venom can kill 50,00,000 mice.
A chameleon has of vision of 360 degrees.
Iguanas, komodo dragons have 2 penises.
A female komodo dragon can lay eggs without the sperm of male.
Lizards can give birth to living once they are called yellow spotted tropical night lizards.
A thorny devil can eat about 500-600 ants per minute.
Thorny lizards are capable of shooting blood from their eyes by building high pressure in their eyes when threatened.
Yellow spotted salamanders are poisonous.
Axolotl salamanders can regenerate their limbs.
A komodo dragon can smell the food up to 10 km, better than any other reptile.
Few reptiles eat leaves & fruits.
The most recently discovered reptile is bumblebee gecko.
Komodo dragons like to eat rotten flesh.
Crocodiles & alligators have strongest immune system of any reptile.
There a snake called hundred pacer, people believe that after bitten by that snake the victim will die before taking the 100th step.
The largest crocodile to ever exist is Sarcasuchus which was about 40 feet from snout to vent.
The bit force of the crocodile that it may lose it's teeth.
Most of the lizards never take water from outside,as the water which is formed during metabolism is enough which is called metabolic water.
The Gunia skink is the only skink with prehensile tail.
The early amphibians developed into reptiles which in turn gave rise to dinosaurs & land dinosaurs which led to the formation of mammals.
Some frogs are capable of flying from trees like the wallace's flying frog.
There are over 500 species of gecko around the world.
There are over 2500 varieties of skinks on the earth.
Chameleons have 3 layers of chromatophores on their body.
Chameleons are the only reptile with 360 degree vision.
All reptiles store most of the fats not in their stomach but in their tails.
Crocodiles have a 3rd eyelid called the nictitating membrane which is transparent & which gives the crocodile a clear vision in the water.
Water snake & the queen snake of north & south america are alike.
All sea snakes & desert snakes are refining their venom in form of potency.
All snakes are carnivorous.
Since snakes do not have eye lids they place their head at the center of the coil to prevent falling of light.
There are over 23 species of crocodiles in this world.
The only small lizard which can flick it's forked tongue is the blue tongued skink.
A thorny devil do not drink water by it's mouth,instead it have hygroscopic skin which will transport the water to it's mouth.
A komodo dragons mouth consist of 80 species of bacteria of which more than 10-15 species could be use full for human beings.
A snakes venom is able to cure cancer,liver diseases.
The fastest skriking snake in the world is the saw scaled viper which strikes in quater of a human eye blink.

BIRDS (AVES)

(a wedge tailed eagle)

THEY ARE RULERS OF AIR & QUEENS OF BEAUTY.
Study of the birds is called ornithology.
Birds where the second flying creatures on earth after the insects.
Birds are covered with primary & secondary flight feathers, the primary flight feathers are used in lift & secondary flight feathers are useful for stability.
There are about 10000 species of birds in the world.
Birds are very close relatives of reptiles.
The largest bird to take flight is kori bustard which is about 4-5 feet in length.
Ostrich is the largest & lays the largest eggs in the world.
Peregrine falcon is the fastest flying animal in the world.
Some singing birds sing 24 hours to impress females.
Peacock does not lay eggs, as it is a male breed peafowls are females & lay eggs.
Most of the birds with a bent upper beak called tomial are classified under order accipitrade.
Most of the birds have more colour full vision that human beings.
Birds have 6-7 X zoom in naturally, some birds like ruppell’s vulture can see a dead prey from the altitudes of 6000-10000 meters from sky.
Some birds can close their nostrils.
Wedge tailed eagle of Australia can kill a full grown kangaroo.
Harp eagle of south america kills & takes small children to it's nest.
Cassowary of Australia shows some characters of feathered dinosaurs.
An ostrich never builds nest & lays eggs on the ground.
Birds & crocodiles are classified under same system called diapsida as they have 2 holes on their heads.
Birds are evolved from the dinosaurs like Archaeopteryx .
Bird droppings are some kind of acid which is highly concentrated once fallen on your cloth it will bleach.
Birds are endothermic animals & so they can even live in cold regions like the steller's eagle.
There is bird named arctic turn it travels the longest distance during migration about twice the distance from earth to moon.
Some male singing birds sing 24 hours a day to impress females.
Some birds collect blue or shiny objects on it's nest to impress females.
Flying birds have hollow bones.
Torrent ducks are capable of standing even on the most slippery rocks.
Ostrich eye is bigger than it's brain.
The blue macaw is the largest parrot.
Philippine eagle is the largest eagle in the words.
The heaviest flightless bird in the world to ever exist is dodo about 50 kg
The largest flying creature ever on earth is Pterosaurs whose wing span was about 45 feet.
Albatross has the longest wingspan of any bird relative to it's size about 12feet.
Australian pelican has the longest beak of about 32 cm long.
There are about 15-20 types of beaks in the nature.
Parrot has same number of muscles as humans do & so they can whistle & even some times talk like humans.
Birds are amniotic as the embryo is surrounded by amnion.
A fast moving bird with a bent upper beak can smash through humans cranium.
Humming birds are the smallest birds.
Humming birds wing beat 30-40 per seconds.
Humming birds are the only birds which can fly backwards.
Male penguins guard their eggs while females go for hunting & bringing the food.
Condor vulture is the largest american bird.
Velociraptor is a feathered dinosaurs,they escape from predators by gliding from tree to tree.
About one-third of birds can fly faster than a cheetah.
The size of the feather can range from 2-40cm in length.
Harp eagle are capable of caring up to 5-6 kg load on their backs.
There are some birds which never drink water in their life as the water produced during metabolism is enough.
Duck build platypus are the only mammals with bills.
Most of the birds have 10-20 times better vision than human.
An Albatross eggs take 78 days to hatch.

(hooded pitohui)

The ostrich egg take about 2 or 2:15 minutes to completely get boiled.
The birds heart will beat 1000 times when it is in the flight.
Penguins never drink water but eat snow.
Blue caped ifrita & Hoodedpitohui are poisonous birds,the poison come from the hidden glands of it's wings.
The dusky scrubfowls built the largest nests in the world of about 16 feet in length & 36 feet in diameter.
Humming bird builds the smallest neat which is about 2 cm.
Birds feed on inscets,worms,even small birds.
The most spectacular & beautiful bird is the lesser bird of paradice.
The largest egg of any bird is the ostrych egg.
A bird constute of 4 types of feathers.
Even a bird consist of 3 fingers in it's muscle.
Kori busterd is the largest bird to take flight.
Most of the hish speed flying birds consist of a lid over the nostrils to prevent dust from entering.
(bluecapped ifrita)

Humming birds are the only once which can fly backward.
It has been proved that the diet of many species of birds including pterosaurs(not a bird but dinosaurs) includes fishes.
An owl can rotate it's head about 180 degrees.
The face of the owl acts as radar dish receiving even minute sounds.
No other animal is covered with feathers like the birds.
A birds beak is made of same protein as our hair is made hence their beaks grow life long.

INSECT FACTS

(a trap jawed ant)

Insects are the most diversified animals in the world.

There are over 10-20 millions of insects in the world but we just know a million.

ALL insects have jointed & 3 pairs of legs.

The study of insects is called ENTOMOLOGY.

Butterflies like monarch butterfly are poisonous.

Insects larvae are considered to one of the most protein diet.

Caterpillar feed on leaves & grow 1000 times bigger & weighs almost 1 pound before it under goes pupa stage.

Insects are the first flying animals on the earth.

Insect wings are made up of nervures connections.

Insects never talk to each other instead they communicate with smell which is called pheromon.

Goliath bird eating spider is the largest spider in the world growing around 30-32 cm

Brazelian wondering spider is the most venomous spider in the world.

Insects are covered by minute hair like structures called Trichobotria which alerts from incoming predator.

The most common spider in the world id daddy long leg.

A honey bee produces about 3 million eggs in her life span.

A mosquito takes about 21 days to complete it's life cycle only in the stagnant water.

Most of the flying insects mate in the mid flight which is called nuptial flight.

An house fly consist of 2 eyes with 4000 hexagonal facets(small blocks).

If all house flies & mosquitoes are eradicated there no imbalance in the ecosystem.

Bullet ants have one of the painful sting in insect kingdom.

Trap jawed ants have the highest bite force in animal kingdom relative to it's size.

A queen of honey bee's is 10 time larger & has a life span of 5 years.

Praying mantis are the largest tropical insects in the worlds growing about 30 cm.

The largest arthropod ever were the sea scorpions.

A grass hopper can jump 30 times it's body length.

Fire flies have luminescent bacteria in them & hence they produce light.

The largest butterfly is the Alexander butterfly.

The fastest flying insect is the dragon flies.

The shortest life span of any animal is may fly which is around 1 hour.

Insects attain the fastest sexual maturity of any creature on this planet.

The largest scorpion is emperor scorpion.

The most venomous scorpion is the death stalker.

Black wasps & Hornet are the Asian deadliest killers.

All insects have antennae except Arachnids.

It takes about 50,000 silk moths for extraction of 1 kg silk.

Most of the entamologists believe that

House flies used to transmit a disease called Spanish flue which wiped out 2/3rd population of Europe.

The deadliest animal in the world is the mosquito.

There are several 1000s or 10000s of insects yet to be discovered.

For every 1 person in the world there about 1 million ants.

Bambarder beetle releases a chemical substances so hot that the temperatures range around 100-110 degrees centigrade.

Goliath beetle is the largest insect in the world.

All flying insects can float on water.

You will never see a flying insects walking in on land.

A female mantis will rip off males head after mating unless if he gets lucks.

A female black widow also kills male black widow after mating & hence the name.

The dung beetle stores it's eggs wrapped around the dung 5 times bigger than it's size.

A cockroach can survive with out it's head up to 3 weeks,and dies only because of starving.

Cockroaches can survive in the temperatures around 400-500 degrees centigrade.

The funnel web spider & red back spiders are the deadliest spiders of Australia.

The desert six eyed sand spider is the deadliest of Sahara.

Spiders have 6 -8 eyes.

Surprisingly DNA of dinosaurs has been found embedded in stomach of dead mosquito which was trapped in the centre of amber as you have seen in Jurassic park.

Male mosquitoes do not feed on human blood.

Ticks suck blood of animals & become 10 times bigger than it's size which is around 1000 gallons of blood at single time.

Spiders & Scorpions do not have teeth & so they produce a digestive juice & drink the pulp of the killed animals.

All insects lay eggs except Scorpions.

Some living scorpions reflect UV ray so they are seen in different colour.

Beetles have metallic coloured wings which are used in jeweler.

A tarantula can live 2 years without food.

Maggots are so healthy that some people around the world have adopted eating them with cheese.

Blood of cockroach is white since there is no RBCs.

Cockroaches can eat any organic matter.

Insects are the only creatures which where not evolved from pre existing dinosaurs.

No insect can fly above 400-500 feet,their body structure is restricted only to certain height.

The colours on the butterfly wings are formed by the pigment called cromatophores,this is no fragile that if we catch hold of wings the pigments will fade.

There is a caterpillar called the Assassin Caterpillar which is capable of killing 5 humans.

The main difference between butterfly & moth is that butterfly consist of a proboscis for sucking nectar & moths don't.

In the deep caves of Asia pseudo scorpions are found.

The African borrowing cockroach is the largest cockroach growing around 25cm long.

ALL insects,spiders are invertebrates.

All insects have homologous mouth parts,that means they have same function but differ in structure according to food habits.

Most of the insects are tropical living & very few are cave dwelling.

Insects have stink glands on their body by chance if you tough that it will be a horrible smell.

Ants are the only animals which don't sleep.

Honey bees visit around 1 million flowers for nectar everyday

All insects are oviparous.

The hairs of the tarantula causes sevier itching.

After mating a female praying mantis kills male praying mantis.

Do you know that every mosquito that bites you is a female.
1.     All insects are oviparous.

2.     The hairs of the tarantula cause severe itching.

3.     After mating a female praying mantis kills male praying mantis.

4.     An ant can life 100 times its own body weight.

5.     A rhinoceros beetle is the longest beetle in the world.

6.     Insects like spider wasps’ smell through their legs.

7.     All millipedes are detriverous they feed on decaying matter.
          8.The brown recluse is one the most deadly spider in the world.

(a brown recluse spider)

OCEAN CREATURES

The oceanic creatures are the most diversified creatures in the world.
These are the only animals with no geographical barriers.
There are about 4-5 millions of these creature but more than 70% is yet to be discovered.
Ocean is the birth of life which is also called as Haldane soup.
The longest creature in the world is the bootlace worm which os over 200 feet only found in the ocean beds
Elm is one of the rare animal with both gills & lungs.
Lmprey has the highest number of teeth relative to it's size.
Pirosoma is the most bioluminescent animal in the world.
Sea creatures are the first animals to detect a tsunami.

CEPHALOPODS

Cephelopods include octopus,squid & cuttlefish.
Octopus & squids have 8 tentacles while cuttlefish has 10 tentacles.
The largest squid is the giant squid growing around 20 feet in length.
The largest octopus is the Pacific giant octopus.
A chameleon changes it's colour in 1min but an octopus changes it's colour in 3-5 sec.
All caphalopos use jet Proportionality mechanism to escape.
An octopus releases poisonous ink to escape from predators.
Only cuttlefish & octopus have the ability to change colors.
Octopus have the smallest brain in animal kingdom.
An octopus can pass through the hole which is about 20 cm in diameter.
ALL caphalopods share a common thing they are suckers,the poisonous beak to give a bone crushing bite.
The most poisonous octopus is blue ring octopus 10,000 times potent than cyanide.
The mimic octopus can mimic 10-12 sea organisms like a snake,eel,fish,a sea weed etc.
An octopus will lay 2millions of eggs in one time.
Since cephalopods have poor vision they come with the since of touch through suckers.
An octopus has 1,00,000 suckers on the tentacles.
All cephalopods are invertebrates.
Some octopus can change their body shape according to the environment making them the ultimate blenders.
Most of the octopus are benthic.
There is no bones in the tentacles of Cephalopod.
Baby octopuses are 2 cm in length or even less.
Squids have the largest eyes in the animal kingdom grow to the size of beach ball.
Cuttlefishes don't have to kill their they can even hypothesis their prey by continues flow of lights through the body.
Cephalopods are closely related to mammals in regarding their behavior.
One of the fears predator in the ocean dark world is the red devil called as Hombolt squid.

FISHES

THE MOST DIVERSIFIED ANIMALS IN THE WORLD.
The first formed living organisms are the FISHES.
Fishes are gave rise do the land dinosaurs.
Fishes gave rise to the amphibian where are the fins of the fishes are modified to the limbs for walking.
Amphibians are the birth point of all land dwelling creatures.
Fishes-Amphibians-Primitive reptiles-Dinosaurs-small land dinosaurs-birds-modern dinosaurs-MAMMALS.
The largest fish is whale shark growing around 60 feet in length.
The most poisonous fish in the world is the stone fish.
The mudskipper is the only fish which can even survie with out water.
Fishes are the only creatures which come in more than 500-600 different colours.
They are the first animals to have gill slits.
The largest predatory fish is great white shark.
The golden fish if taken to a dark room will become pale.
The exoskeleton of fishes are scales.
The lung fishes are the only fishes with internal nostrils.
Keeping an aquarium in the home will cure disease like depression.
The dead leaf fish is a dead leaf fish.
A shark has 30,000 teeth in the life time.
The largest shark to ever live is the MEGALODON.
The most slowest animal in ocean is sea horse.
Male sea horses will take care of the children not female.
IN sea horses male will give birth to children
Sharks are the only animals with movable upper jaw.
The fastest sea animal is sale fish which is about 110kmph.
The fastest shark in the world is the mako shark.
The most highly evolved shark is the hammer head shark.
ALL sharks small holes under the mouth which is called as AMPULLAE OF LORENZINI.
The flying fishes fly in the air to escape from the predators like shark.
All sharks are cartilaginous fishes.
Sunfish is the heaviest of all bony fishes.
Some fishes migrate from salt water to fresh water for laying eggs.
Salt water fishes like shark store urine in their bodies.
The lion fish is one of the poisonous fishes in the oceanic world.
Puffer fishes are poisonous which was found accidentally in a research.
All fishes swim horizontally but sea horses don't.
A red bellied paranaha is one the most dangerous carnivorous fishes capable of killing a human being too.
Fishes which live in the deep oceans like angular fish produce light on their own with the association of bacteria.
A shark skin is made up of backward serrated teeth.
A shark can smell blood in 10000 gallon of water.
The bull shark kills more people than any other shark.
Most of the fishes are acrodont & monodont,that means the tooth of fish is not having a root & all teeth are of same kind.
The perfect blend is made by leafy sea dragon which was discovered in 2007.
Torpedo ray consist of electric organs & can deliver 2000-3000volts of electricity.
Cod-liver oil from sardine & shark liver oil from sharks have highest concentration of Omega 3 fatty acid & vitamin D.
All fishes are ammonotelic which is a deadly product of excretion & can't store it in the body for 4-5 hours or even less.
The underwater wrecks are home for the formation of the new species which was recently discovered.
Sharks are the only organisms which do not get any disease in the world,they are resistant to the diseases even like HIV.

JELLYFISHES

THE MOST MYSTERIOUS CREATURES IN THE WORLD.
They don't have eyes,brain,blood,heart all transparent made of 96%of water & rest is organic matter.
Some jellyfishes have 4 eyes allowing them a 360degree vision.
The number of tentacles may range from 4 to 25-30 or even more.
The largest jellyfish is the arctic lion's mane jelly fish growing up to 150-175 feet in length(the largest ever).
The smallest jelly fish is the Irukandji growing no less than an inch or so.
The most deadliest jellyfish is the box jellyfish capable of killing a human being in less than a minute.
All jellyfishes are social or gregarious creatures living in groups.
Just like the caphalopods they use principle of jet proportionality for locomotion.
Some scientists consider jellyfishes are the second life forms as they are included in the list of pre-historic oceanic creatures they lived around 650-700 million years a go so they outdated both dinosaurs & even crocodiles.
The jellyfishes are mainly divided based up on their body colour some are coloured & some not.
Some jellyfishes are edible & can be eaten.
The deadly jellyfish called the Portuguese man of war is known to deliver current shocks.
A jellyfishes tentacles consist of millions of small spines called cnematoblasts.
Jellyfishes have got the fastest biological contact in animal kingdom in terms of delivering the venom.
The blue bottle is so mysterious that even trans-meters do not work on them.
A slick from the tentacle of deadly jelly fish may be little itchy kind of thing but the next moment you die.
The victims who survived the attack of jellyfishes has a permanent scars of tentacles on their body.
Every jellyfish has to undergo the larval stage called pollip.
There is a jellyfish called IMMORTAL JELLYFISH is really immortal before it's death it will again undergo the larval stage called pollip & the life continue so.
Jellyfishes undergo both sexual & asexual life cycle.

CRABS

Crabs are called as decapods that means they have 10 legs.
All crabs are braced with pedipalps(claws) for holding things.
Crabs have a great delicacy in dinner.
Every crab in the world is equipped with hard shell on their body.
The Japanese spider crab is the largest crab in the world it's leg span is about 12feet.
The yetti crab is the most recently discovered species.
Horse shoe crab are the living fossils because they didn't undergo any evolutionary change since 100million years.
The smallest of all crabs is the pea crabs.
Crabs,spiders,scorpions are classified under same phylum called Arthropods.
Most of the crabs are omnivorous eating both hydrophytes & sea animals.
Crabs don't have teeth in their mouth instead they are in it's stomach.
In crabs the head & thorax are combined to form cephalothorax.
King crabs & hermet crabs are otcopoda that means they have only 8 legs.
The Japanese crab lives in the deep oceans & since it devoulped long legs.
The most colourfull species are the sally lightfoot crab.
The claws of Fiddler crab are the largest,larger than it's own body size.
The excretory organs of crab is the green glands.
Crabs show commensalism that association between a sea urchin & the crab,the urchin will give defense & the crab will give free ride putting it on it's back.
All crabs move sideways because they can't move their legs forward & backward.
Crabs never eat food directly they must inject a digestive enzyme which liquefies the food,then they consume.
Unlike other sea creature crabs have 2 pairs of antennae.
The average lifespan of crab is 10-15 years.
A hermit crab which is blue in colour can snap a peace of wood into 2.
Hermit crabs have gills.

DINOSAUR AND PRE HISTORIC CREATURES.

All dinosaurs are cold blooded creatures.
All diosaurs are covered with scales on their body.
The study of the dinosaurs fossils is called PALEONTOLOGY.
Ankylosaurs are the only creatures with a bony eyelid.
The largest carnivorus dinosaur is the Spinosaurs which was about 50 feet.
The most deadly cresature ever to exist is the T-Rex.
The bite of a T-Rex is about 8000-10000 pounds/inch on the other hand the bite force of humen beings is about 30-32 pounds/inch.
Amphibiens gave rise to dinosaurs.
Most of the evolution of smaller animals is due to deadly land dinosaurs.
Whales would not have been evolved from a small wolf like mammals with out a fearsume dinosaurs.
Dinosaurs appeared around 300 million years ago.
The first ever bird fossil found was the ARCHEOPTERYX.
Early dinosaurs birds did not have hollow bones & so they could not fly.
In an experement scientists grew feathers on the scales of the bird which colud explain the birth of bird from a dinosaurs.
The largest claw of any dinosaurs was the spinosaurs claw which grew about 5 inches or even more.
During jurassic period crocodiles where small lizard like reptiles on the ground.
The largest dinosaurs ever to live is the amphicoelias fragillimus which was about 175-200 feet in length.
The largest animal to take flight is the Quetzalcoatlus which had a wing span of 45 feet,it was taller than a girrafe while standing.
Triserotops is the only dinosaurs which had a ball like structure in the place of neck allowing them to rotate their heads & piercing with their horns.
The descendent of the rhinosaurs was the toxidont.
It was the late triassic period when the large T-Rex was evolved from a small dinosaurs called guanlong.
A part from mammals only dinosaurs and the birds where highly social.
Dinosaurs close their eyes by shutting their lower eyelid unlike mammals closing their eyes with upper eyelid.
All dinosaurs lay eggs from small to big.
The first freathery dinosaurs was the velociraptor.
Sarcasuchus was a 40 feet giant crocodile.
Pterosaurs had a beak which as 5 feet long,but mordern pilicans grow their beaks about 1 feet.
A T-Rex roar can be heard up to 30-35 kilometers.
Embryos of humanbeing,bird,dinosaurs have smae features like a tail,teeth in birds.
A dinosaurs DNA was found to be present in the mosquito which was traped right at the centre of the amber(stone).
All carnivorous dinosaurs are classified under theropods.
All herbevorus giant are classified under sauropods.
Mossosaurs was a 60 foot giant merine reptile which draged sauropods into the water.
Megalodon was a 70 foot giant shark.
Dimetrodon is less reptile & more mammal.
All reptiles including dinosaurs have excelent sence of smell.
The largest snake to ever exist was the titon boa which grew 40-50 feet in length which was 3 feet wide.
The function of the plates on the back of stegasaurs is still not known,how ever some paleontologists believe that it was used in radiating heat.
Terror birds are so large that their main course of diet included horses.
The largest frog to ever exist was the beelzebufo (prehistoric) which was around 2 feet or more.
The largest bird to ever exist is the Argentavis which lived around 6 million years ago & had a wing span of 25 feet.
The largest mammoth was the songhua river mammoth which was around 20-23 feet while standing
The largest mammal which ever lived on the earth was the Indricotherium which was around 30 feet while standing.
jaekelopterus was a giant 10 foot sea scorpion which lived in fresh water.
The earliest Ape called luci was thought to be around 8 feet in length.

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Pages

Saturday, 1 September 2012

snake encyclopedia

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INTRODUCTION

sense organs:

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Monday, 9 July 2012

the new amazing facts

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FACTS OF MAMMALS

INSECT FACTS

OCEAN CREATURES

FISHES

JELLYFISHES

CRABS

DINOSAUR AND PRE HISTORIC CREATURES.